2021年北京高考英语试卷及答案

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2021年北京高考英语试卷

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

北京卷·英语

本试卷共11页，共100分.考试时长90分钟.考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.

第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.

Recently，I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.The woman's eye fell on the man's face，and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.

As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 .The woman looked over at the man.He was still staring at her.She looked back at him with fire in her eyes.I was beginning to get 4 ，too.

The train moved on.The little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to sleep.A moment later，he began to 6 the half-open window—one leg went over it.The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.

The 8 woke up the woman.She seemed to be in 9 ，and then reality dawned (显现).“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. .“So I have been watching the whole time.”The woman was 10 ，and so was I.

1. A. guiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring

2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved

3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest

4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed

5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even

6. A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push

7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. picked

8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise

9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain

10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.请在答题卡指定区域作答.

Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure，and they have diverse 11 (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dream.

Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主)，and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home 14 a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 (safe) wait for the police to take her home.

There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years， 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019，there were7,348 major natural disasters around the world， 19 (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20 (invest)in disaster prevention.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.

If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship(实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.

Who can apply?

l You have completed your full-time university studies;or

l You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.

l Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.

What are the requirements?

l You must be at least 20 years old.

l You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.

l You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.

l You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.

l You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.

What do you need to prepare?

l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas.

l Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.

l Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid(有效的)in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.

l Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.

l Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.

Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.We do not respond to every candidate.If selected，you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful.

21. According to this passage，applicants are required to_________.

A. hold a master's degree in science

B. have international work experience

C. be fluent in either English or French

D. present a letter from a technical institution

22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?

A. Limited medical insurance coverage.

B. Training in communication skills.

C. A medical certificate for work.

D. Financial support for travel.

23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form?

A. Contact UNESCO managers. B. Get access to the database.

C. Keep a motivation letter at hand. D. Work in a team for six months.

I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(学期) project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC).My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.

Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me.After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child.

The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.

In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten.With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.

24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?

A. It would affect his/her initial plans.

B. It would involve traveling overseas.

C. It would not bring him/her a good grade.

D. It would not live up to his/her expectations.

25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?

A. Images of Iraqi children. B. Research by his/her classmates.

C. A teacher's introduction. D. A representative's comments.

26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to__________..

A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education

C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children

27. What can we conclude from this passage?

A. One's potential cannot always be underrated.

B. First impression cannot always be trusted.

C. Actions speak louder than words.

D. He who hesitates is lost.

Hundreds of scientists，writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as“a credible scenario(情景) this century”.

A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events，food insecurity，and freshwater shortages might create global collapse.Of course，if you are a non-human species，collapse is well underway.

The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations.Not very long ago，it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.

The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization.Among the signatories(签署者)of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the“ecological footprint”concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，”Johnson said in an email.

Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says，can we have the hope to reduce their“speed，severity and harm”.And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote，

Man is a victim of dope (麻醉品)

In the incurable form of hope.

The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse，”hey say，“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”

28. What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Scientific. B. Credible.

C. Original. D. Relevant.

29. As for the public awareness of global collapse，the author is__________.

A. worried B. puzzled

C. surprised D. scared

30. What can we learn from this passage?

A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.

B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.

C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.

D. The global collapse is well underway.

Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.

Forget about time as an absolute.What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?

Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect.

The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架)，and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.

When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.

31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.

B. Everyone can define time on their own terms.

C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.

D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.

32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to__________.

A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument

C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach

33. What can we learn from this passage?

A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.

B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems..

C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.

D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.

34. What can we infer from this passage?

A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time.

B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.

C. We should live in harmony with nature.

D. History is a mirror reflecting reality.

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.选项中有两项为多余选项.

Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 35 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.

36 However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels.This, of course, can lead to less pain.

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety.

When it comes to heart health，there is speculation (推测) that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 38 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.

39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.

A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.

B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.

C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.

D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.

E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.

F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.

G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.

第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题.请在答题卡指定区域作答.

Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back.

There is a difference between arguing and fighting.Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up(激起) anger.Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out.Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health.In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row.When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument.Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions.In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half.One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.

Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument.This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities.You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.

It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.

40. According to this passage，what is arguing?

41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.

Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.

43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? (In about 40 words)

第二节(20分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华.你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约.请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.表达歉意并说明原因;

2.提出建议并给出理由.

注意：1.词数100左右;

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.

Dear Jim，

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

2021年北京高考英语答案

英语参考答案

第一部分知识运用(共两节，30 分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B

6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

11 ideas 12.that 13.connects 14.on 15.where

16.safely 17.has been 18.caused 19.resulting 20.to invest

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.A

26.B 27.B 28.D 29.A 30.B

31.B 32.D 33.C 34.C

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)

35.F 36.B 37.D 38.G 39.E

第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party.

41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.

42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.

Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.

43.略.

第二节(20分)

范文：

Dear Jim，

I'm sorry that I won't be able to go hiking with you this Saturday.

I began to cough yesterday morning，so I went to see a doctor.She told me it was a bad cold，and I would have to stay at home for a few days.

I'd really like to spend some time with you.Is it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday? It's one of the host cities for the 2022 Winter Olympics.Please let me know what you think.

Again，I'm sorry about the inconvenience.

Hope to hear from you soon.

Yours，

Li Hua

怎样有效的快速的提高英语成绩

一、每天要坚持记单词，背单词，默写单词，因为单词的记忆是构成英语成绩的基础。当然记单词的方法有很多种，大家选择适合自己的方法就好。

二、每天坚持阅读培养语感，因为语感对于英语做题来说特别重要。当你读的特别多，已经形成一种习惯的时候，有时候你并不知道正确答案但是你就能感觉出来。

三、坚持用英语表达自己的想法，最开始可能会有点艰难，只要坚持，你的英语成绩也会有很大进步的。有时间的话，可以读一些写的比较好的英语原著，英语散文等等，培养你的写作能力。

四、要坚持做题，并且收集自己的错题，分析原因，从错误中学习，这是最快的提高英语成绩的方法。这也就是我们经常说的题海战术，题做得多了，你就会发现一些答题技巧。

英语学习方法

1、坚持词汇的积累

词汇对于提高英语成绩是重要的更是必要的，不认识单词做题时就会两眼一抹黑，感觉在做无字天书。要做到日常积累单词，可以少背但不能不背。学习英语需要长时间的坚持，坚持每天背单词让自己养成良好的英语学习习惯。

2、学习听力

很多高中生的英语听力水平都不是很高，甚至有的高中生认为听力简直就像天书一样。但是不练习，英语听力成绩就不会提高。高中生可以每天跟着教材书或是光盘来练习，同时注意发音要准确，这样有利于培养语感，坚持一段时间后，听力和口语水平，都会得到很大的提高。

3、学会做阅读

如果要像汉语一样说的比较流畅，那么学习英语就可以买一本课外书，可以选择带有汉语翻译的书籍。给自己制定一个学习计划，比如一天阅读一篇英语文章，先把英语发音抛在脑后，只练习说英语的流畅性，遇到不认识的英语单词可以查阅词典，并且把音标写在单词旁边。长时间就可以积累很多种单词，这样还可以提高自己的口语能力，时间长了，英语成绩自然就会提升。

4、学会写作文

审题是写文章的第一步，也是最重要的一步。英语作文是英语成绩中最好得的一部分。英语作文是以写人写事为主的情景作文常见的有提纲、图片、表格、关键词或引言等形式，虽形式各异，一定要正确审题审题要做到弄清题目的要求，写作的意图，抓住要点。

高三英语提升成绩的方法

1、高三英语学习想要提升成绩要学会转变学习方式。学习英语的过程中如果产生厌倦的情绪，那你要变换学习方式了。比如单词记烦了，你可以读读文章;文章读烦了，你可以听听录音或者听听英文歌，等等。一旦发现自己有厌烦的情绪，就尽量换另外的学习方式，这样就不会陷入事倍功半的困境。

2重视写作能力的训练。为了提高英语作文水平，高三的同学应该记熟词汇短语，掌握英语写作的基本句型，包括简单句的五种基本句型。当能够较好地掌握这几种简单句之后应适当地强化并列句，复合句。为了更好地给文章润色，还可以适当地运用高级词汇，非谓语动词，with结构，强调句，感叹句等。

3、高三每天早读课背英语单词，背笔记，以及相关单词的词组。高三英语其实主要是背单词，首先把高考的三千五百词全看一遍，然后再分首字母记忆。估计想要记住这些单词，可能需要花二个月的早读课。记住这些单词的最低标准是看到这个单词你就能说出它的中文意思。只要有了一些单词的积累，立马就能做阅读理解题了。

标签：英语北京试卷

2021年北京高考英语试卷及答案

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