托福阅读提速从结构开始
托福阅读提速从结构开始, 掌握文章整体和句子结构很重要，今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读提速从结构开始 ,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读提速从结构开始 掌握文章整体和句子结构很重要
托福阅读提速要熟悉文章整体结构
备考托福阅读考试的同学可能都知道，托福阅读的最后一题为总结题，这一题的分值比前面的题目也要高，同时它不仅仅是考察文章中的某一段，往往是要通读全文，了解文章结构的情况下才能答对的。很多考生在托福阅读考试中时间不够或许是因为在最后一题上花费的时间太多，拿得时间不够用。那么对于托福阅读的最后题考生应该如何去应对呢?
很多考生都会觉得做托福阅读文章最后一题时都要回去将阅读文章重新再读一次，否则是很难找到标准答案的，但是这样是非常耽误大家的考试时间的。其实之所以考生需要重新再读一次，是因为考生没有对于阅读文章的结构掌握清楚，那么考生应该如何去解决这个问题呢?小编建议大家在平时的练习时就不要因为做完题了就万事大吉了，要把每篇文章充分的利用起来，观察它们的结构，多做总结，这样的工作如何在备考时做得多了，那么你必然会从中获益匪浅。
托福阅读提速要学会分析句子结构
从小从我们读书开始，老师就要求我们在做题时要认真读题，这样才能了解题意，对正确答题有帮助。所以我们在阅读托福文章的时候，通常都是习惯于逐字逐句的进行阅读，同时也会机械的把所有的英文单词的中文意思堆砌起来。对于这种方法，一些简单的题目这个方法是没有问题，但是如果是一些结构复杂的句子中，如果你这样做就会造成极大的浪费。再说这个方法也不能确保你能百分之百的答对题。那么考生应该如何去应对呢?
小编建议大家，这里最好的选择就是学会主动地去分析句子的结构，要弄清楚句子的主语是谁?这个主语怎么了，发生了什么事?哪些句子成分是修饰的?哪个是谓语部分?当考生了解了这些之后，那么你就可以读完一句理解一句，那么你的托福考试的时间就不存在不够的问题了。
托福阅读词汇“An unknown goddess”
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of AyiaIrini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses – often three storeys high – were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood (was) three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
1.explore 探索: To search for discovery; examine
形近词
explode 爆炸
exploit 开发,利用
expedite 加速,迅速的
expedition 探险
词组例句
explore outer space 太空勘探
explore every possibilities 系统地研究每一个可能性
explore ancient temple 考察古庙
The archaeologists are exploring the cave.
2.prosperous 繁荣的(修饰经济)
successful or thriving, esp. financially
同/近义词
wealth 富有的
flourishing 兴旺的,繁茂的
thriving 兴隆的
booming 火的迅猛发展的
adequate 充足的
词组例句
Our finance is prosperous.我们的经济是繁荣的。
a prosperous new business 一家成功的新公司
a prosperous family 富裕的一家
a prosperous moment to make a decision 做决定的有利时机
3.civilization 文明
常用词组：enjoys a high level of civilization 享有高度的文明
4.worship 崇拜(非理性的): admire; respect
admire 敬佩
respect 尊敬
warship 军舰战船
例句
Who do you worship in the world?
5.sacred 宗教的，神圣的(可修释职业)是指献给上帝或神的事物，因为是神圣的，不容亵渎，指普遍视为神圣不可侵犯的东西
同/近义词
Divine神圣的：侧重于神性，在现在英语中指绝妙或非人世所有的事物
a divine punishment.上天的惩罚
expect to divine the future
mystic神秘的
blessed神佑的
religions宗教的
solemn 庄严的，庄重的
holy神圣的，圣洁的与sacred 替换
词组
sacred music圣乐
sacred promise神圣的诺言
6.classic adj.精典的,第一流 n.杰作,经典之作
形近词
classical古典的(未必精)
eg. classical music古典音乐
classical education人文科学教育
This is the classic example of love at the first sight.
7.construct(抽象虚的)比较正式，有技术较高，较复杂的结构，规模较大，抽象+具体
build /put up (实体的)建设
erect: (build high buildings) 侧重对高而垂直的东西建造，不如build广泛
eg. erect monument 建造纪念碑
erect clock tower建造钟楼
set up : set up a union 建造，侧重于开始
establish: establish a school 侧重稳固的建成，有“建立”的意思，建立学校体系等
found: found a country 侧重于建好基础，具体抽象皆可
词组
construction of socialism社会主义建设
construct a sentence
construct a broken statuary
8. rest … on 搭在…上
eg. Her eyes rest on the picture.
rest with +sb由某人决定
eg. This great decision rests with your mother.
9. hip n.[口]在服用兴奋剂,宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人;消息灵通人士;
adj.通晓的，见闻广的
例句
Mary is a real hip.
The guy isn’t a hip.那个家伙什么都不懂.
常用词组
Joined at the hip [口]交情极厚的
eg.This two are joined at the hip.
Shoot from the hip信口开河
eg. Sorry,I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.
10.graceful 优雅的(修饰长相体态)
同/近义词
Elegant 优雅的(修饰举止behavior)
gentle 温柔的
naive 可爱的
tender: Someone or something that is tender expresses gentle and caring feelings
Tender is the night 夜色温柔菲茨杰拉德
菲茨杰拉德(F.Scott Fitzgerald)(1896——1940)，著名美国小说家。从1920年开始创作，以《人间天堂》一举成名。他的小说生动地反映了20年代“美国梦”的破灭，展示了大萧条时期美国上层社会“荒原时代”的精神面貌。直到1944年去世时，他仍在创作《最后一个大亨》。在他有限的创作生涯里，推出了包括《人间天堂》《伟大的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》等多部长篇小说和150篇 短篇小说。
菲茨杰拉德在圣保罗从小就被以美国贵族的养成方式培养长大，但是他写作的主要动力却来自高度浪漫的想象。他创造力最旺盛的时期是美国历史上一个特殊的年代。第一次世界大战结束了，经济大萧条还没有到来，传统的清教徒道德已经土崩瓦解，享乐主义开始大行其道。用菲茨杰拉德自己的话来说，“这是一个奇迹的时代，一个艺术的时代，一个挥金如土的时代，也是一个充满嘲讽的时代。”菲茨杰拉德称这个时代为“爵士乐时代”，他自己也因此被称为爵士乐时代的“编年史家”和“桂冠诗人”。
练习：
1.They have tried their best to protect the _______ of the city wall.
a. remains b. remain c.remainder
remains 废墟;遗迹;遗体。此词必须用复数形式，但其动词有时可以用单数形式。
Eg. The remains of the supper were/was taken away.
2.________ his great age, the old man still helps the family at harvest time.
a. Although b. Despite c. In spite
Although + 从句;
Despite + 名词短语
In spite of 才为常用短语，后接名次短语
3. People used to go to Canterbury to _____ the saints there.
a. warship b. love c. worship
主要区别 warship和worship
4. She looks so ______ that she won the heart of the young man at once.
a. grace b. graceful c.disgraced
grace 为名词，优美, 雅致, 优雅
disgraced：dis表示否定的，表示耻辱, 失宠, 丢脸的人(或事);玷污
5. In the most______ room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
A .holy b. religious c frightening
holy adj.神圣的, 圣洁的n.神圣的东西
religious adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的, 严谨的n.僧侣, 尼姑, 修道士
frightening adj.令人恐惧的, 引起突然惊恐的
6. The city had once known ______, for it enjoy a high level of civilization.
a. a prosperity b. the prosperity c. prosperity
prosperity是不可数名次，表示繁荣。文中并未指出具体的那一种繁荣。
7.The head was carefully preserved .It was ______.
a. conserved b. maintained c. in good condition
conserve 节省、节约
maintain 维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张
in good condition 情况良好，与题干was carefully preserved (被精心地保护)在语意上衔接
语法解析：
1. stand 矗立，站立，忍受
There stands…
2. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
1): must 的推测用法及其他情态动词的推测用法
over one hundred people must have been driven away by the noise, I am one of the few people left.
he must have been there with someone that we don’t know.
2); for: 表达解释原因，补充说明主句的原因。
如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管, 隧道就具备了良好的通风条件。
这个节日是个欢乐的日子，因为在这一天，据说死去的人要回到他们的家里来，活着的人则对他们表示欢迎。
because, as, since, for, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in that
as意为“因为、由于”，语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前As it was late ， we came back soon.
since(既然)语气较弱，强调已知的事实。
Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
3. She stood (was) three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
当你坐着的时候，把胳膊肘靠在扶手上。
When you are sitting, keep your elbow on the arm rest
当她说话的时候，目光停留在她丈夫的脸上。
As she spoke, her eyes rested on her husband's face.
4. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
1) turn out 证明是= prove + n. / adj. / to be
我们的聚会非常成功。
2) it turned out that + 从句
我们一直努力追求的爱情其实就在我们的身边，从未离开我们
3) as it turned out…后来人们发现
后来人们才发现，保护环境的重要性同人类如何活下去是同等重要的。
托福阅读：推断题的解题方法
你还在害怕做推断题吗?
调查：你认为哪种题目最难
托福阅读中的推断题一直是考生心理的阴影和恐惧，尤其是“推断”两个字，瞬间会让大家联想到柯南, 福尔摩斯之类带有悬疑色彩的东西。据对所带的学生进行的调查，提到哪种阅读题型最难做，将近50%的学生把票投给了推断题。
毋庸置疑，推断题一定有一定的难度所在，这点我们从托福考试官方指南(og)的改变上就可发现一些端倪。第三版og上，推断题的考查数量为0-2题，第四版og已经增加到1-3题，ets的用(yin)意(mou)所在可见一斑。
那么，我们改如何应对推断题呢?推断题真的像我们想象的这么难么?
今天我们一起来从考查形式上来解刨一下推断题。
题干特征：推断题的题干经常会出现infer,suggest,imply, indicate这类单词
考查形式主要分为两大类：对比推断和细节推断，而后者出现的几率更大。
考查形式一：对比推断
A时间对比：一般有两个形成对比的时间点，它们所具有的特征一般相反。如：原文会出现before1990的信息，而题目会问after 1990的信息?
解决方案：收集问题对应的时间点的信息，然后取反。
注意原文中出现的表示时间节点的词 before, after, not…until…
例题
The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to be breaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s, whereas in 1810 only a seventy of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.
○They were able to sell their produce at high prices.
○They had not been successful in raising cattle.
○They did not operate in a national market economy.
答案D
对应关键句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
B直接对比：两个或多个事物的特征——如原文会出现A的特点，然后会有B和A相比较的信息，然后题目问B的特点?
解决方案：收集题干所问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的全部信息(一般为上述的B)，然后在原文所描述的与之相关的信息(一般为上述的A)的基础之上取反。
注意原文中出现的表示对比的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等词。
例题
Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
答案A
对应关键句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
考查形式二：细节推断
考查细节判断，事物的特点，属性等。
解决方案：收集题干所提问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的所有信息。如果推断对象所涉及的信息比较多，难以抓到重点，则逐个选项进行定位筛选。
例题
Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?
○It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.
○It prevents most groundwater from circulating.
○It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.
○It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.
答案C
AThere it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.
BBy far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.
C At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
DOrdinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.
综上所述，推断题并没有我们想象的那么晦涩。它仍然是关注细节层面的题目，主要考查考生收集和题目相关的信息和梳理这些信息的能力。我们需要做到：
1把题干提问的推断对象的信息收集完全，并理解到位。
2记住所看即所得，不要过分推断，不要脑补。
3任何文章中出现的信息都有可能考查推断，所以不要忽略任何一个细节。
托福阅读提速从结构开始