托福阅读十大题型简介

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托福阅读十大题型简介

一、图表题

总结全文原则

1、根据引导词先大定位

2、匹配与引导词语义相关的选项，排除与引导词无关/错误的选项

二、事实信息题

同义改写原则

1、读题干，找到其中的关键词

2、根据关键词，定位到原文中的有效信息

3、正确答案是原文有效信息的同意改写

4、选项定位法，逐个击破

三、否定事实信息题

排除原则

1、选项定位法

2、核对题干信息

四、修辞目的题

细节原则

1、看选项中的动词从文中找逻辑排除 (demonstrate/contrast/refute…)

2、重点看本句(细节题)前一两句(观点)，关注段首句(段落观点)

3、选择同义改写

五、推断题

排除原则

1、根据原文有效信息选项定位法，逐个击破

2、不可过分推，宁可推少，不可推多;宁可保守，都不过分推理

3、思路上可以有取反或取非

六、句子简化题

逻辑对应原则

1、正确选项必须包含原句主要信息(主干)，修饰信息可删除，可同义改写，可概括总结;

2、最好用的逻辑关系词对照：因果(原因对原因，结果对结果);转折让步比较(虽然对虽然，但是对但是)

3、and前后信息有前必有后，不能缺失前后信息

七、句子插入题

承上启下原则

先看插入句找线索，三大线索分别是代词，逻辑连接词和结构

八、指代题

联系上下文原则

指代对象一般为前一句的主语或宾语(主优先于宾

九、词汇题

熟词直选原则

认识单词直接选;不认识根据上下文的逻辑猜测

十、六选三题

总结观点原则

1、全文主题

2、一个或多个段落的主旨大意

了解了托福阅读题型，解题方法需要考生灵活掌握，才能在托福考试中处变不惊。

托福阅读真题练习：美国历史

托福阅读文本：

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.

Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.

During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffé College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.

Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women" theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great men." To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The role of literature in earlyAmerican histories

(B) The place ofAmerican women in written histories

(D) The "great women" approach to history used by American historians

2. The word "contemporary" in line 6 means that the history was

(A) informative

(B) written at that time

(D) faultfinding

3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that

(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage

(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored

(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women

4. The word "celebratory" in line 12 means that the writings referred to were

(A) related to parties

(B) religious

(D) full of praise

5. The word "they" in line 12 refers to

(A) efforts

(B) authors

(D) sources

6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point

out?

(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities

(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.

(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.

7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely

have been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?

(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results

(B) Biographies of John Adams

(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college

8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women's history materials in the Schlesinger

Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?

(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia

(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.

(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.

9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of

nineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT

(A) authors

(B) reformers

(D) politicians

10. The word "representative" in line 29 is closest in meaning to

(A) typical

(B) satisfied

(D) distinctive

托福阅读答案：

BBBDB CCCDA

托福阅读真题练习：人工孵化项目

托福阅读文本：

Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.

When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.

In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.

托福阅读题目：

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.

(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.

(C)Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.

(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.

2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to

(A) aviculturists

(B) birds

(D) rates

3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then

(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation

(B) the embryo will not develop normally

(D) the incubation process is slowed down

4.According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to

(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick

(B) hold the nest together

(D) make the nest bigger

5.According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to

(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest

(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest

(D) touch the bottom of the eggs

6.All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT

(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest

(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest

(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell

7. The word "suspend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) build

(B) paint

(D) move

8. The word "fatal" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) close

(B) deadly

(D) hot

9. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to

(A) fresh

(B) dry

(D) warm

10.According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides

(A) a constant source of humidity

(B) a strong nest box

(D) protection against cold weather

11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?

(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.

(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly

(D) They are expensive to operate.

12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A)Aviculturists (line 1)

(B) gradient (line 8)

(D) embryo (line 22)

托福阅读答案：

DAACADCBCD CA

托福阅读十大题型简介

标签：题型托福十大

托福阅读十大题型简介

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