小学英语语法知识总结
英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。那么具体该如何总结呢?下面是小编为大家整理的小学英语语法知识总结6篇,希望大家能有所收获。
小学英语语法知识总结1
一般过去时态
(a) be 动词的过去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 动词过去式:
肯定句: I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.
否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
He didn’t make model ships last week.
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat
小学英语语法知识总结2
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时,用来表示正在进行或发生的动作。结构是:be (am, is, are)+动词现在分词形式,几种句型:
一、陈述句(肯定句)
主语+be (am, is, are)+现在分词,如:
I am reading English.我正在读英语。
He is writing.他正在写字。 You are running.你正在跑步。
二、一般疑问句
Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词, 如:
1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗? -Yes, I am.是的,我在唱歌。
(No, I'm not.不,我不在唱歌。)
2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗?
-Yes, he (she) is.是的,他(她)在听音乐。
[No, he (she) isn't.不,他(她)不在听音乐。]
三、特殊疑问句
疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词,如:
1. -What are you doing?你正在干什么?
-I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。
2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么?
-He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。
与现在进行时连用的词:look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在),
Look! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。
Listen! She is singing.听!她正在唱歌。
I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。
小学英语语法知识总结3
一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
小结:
通常用时间状语 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.
My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
小学英语语法知识总结4
形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加er ;如:tall-taller
⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;fine- finer
⑶以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除ow结尾),应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;如:big-bigger
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。如;happy- happier
(5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more 如:beautiful-more beautiful
3.不规则形容词比较级:
Good/well-better, bad/ill – worse , much /many –more , little –less, few – fewer , far –further
宾语
宾语一般用在及物动词的后面,表示行为动词所涉及的对象。
一、名词作宾语
Show your passport, please.
请出示护照。
二、代词作宾语
He didn't say anything.
他什么也没说。
三、数词作宾语
How many do you want? - I want two.
你要几个?- 我要两个。
四、名词化的形容词作宾语
They sent the injured to hospital.
他们把伤员送到医院。
五、不定式或ing形式作宾语
They asked to see my passport.
他们要求看我的护照。
I enjoy working with you.
我和你们一道工作很愉快。
六、从句作宾语
Did you write down what he said?
你把他的话记下了没有?
小学英语语法知识总结5
系动词亦称联系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟
表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie,
stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示;看起来像;这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get,
go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达;证实;,;变成;之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
小学英语语法知识总结6
1.人称代词
主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i,再+er heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am
you’re = you are
she’s = she is
he’s = he is
it’s = it is
who’s =who is
can’t =can not
isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book,
a peach
an egg
an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构 肯定句:
There is a … There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?
Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”. 形式:
be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
run –running swim—swimming
14 一般现在时。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
肯定句: I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般过去时态
(a) be 动词的过去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 动词过去式:
肯定句: I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)动词过去式的变化:
规则动词的变化:
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied
eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
eg: stop --stopped
不规则动词的变化:
is/am—was,
are—were,
do—did,
have/has—had,
make—made,
fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,
take—took,
run—ran,
sing—sang,
drink—drank 等等
17. “Wh-” questions.
What are you doing? What colour is it?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
How much is the toy bear?
小学英语语法知识总结